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Genevra Kornbluth.
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Last updated
November 3, 2023

Historical Archive: Dice and Knucklebones
All dice are from the Roman era unless otherwise noted. Find areas are noted when known.

Representations follow surviving examples.
A list of additional photographs (including the larger polyhedra) appears after the thumbnails below.
If you need an image not yet digitized, feel free to contact me and I will prioritize the requested object.


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knucklebone, sard, BM 47./8-6. II5 96a
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Roman knucklebone, rock crystal, SMB AS 30219.711. For other views see Berlin.
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cubic die, agate, BM 1772/3-11/221
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cubic die, amber, Louvre
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miniature cubic dice, bone, BM 90/6-1/168
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cubic die, bone, Forêt de Compiegne, MAN 14267
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large cubic die from Orthia (Greece), ceramic, BM 1923/2-12/306
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cubic die with dots and Greek letters, faience, Egypt, Louvre E 13938
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cubic die, green glass, BM 83/6-21/22
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cubic die, lead, BM 1968/3-25/239
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2 cubic dice, marble, BM 1772/3-11/238 and 1814/7-4/1088
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cubic die, pyrite, BM 1772/3-11/233
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20 sided die with Greek letters, steatite (with normal bone die), Louvre I 1532
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die in the form of a long hexagonal tube, bone, BM 71/9-10/2
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die in the form of a crouching nude woman, from Sidon (Lebanon), bronze, BM 1924/5-20/2
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die in the form of a crouching nude woman: profile, head down
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die in the form of a crouching nude woman: frontal, head down
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die in the form of a crouching nude woman: on back
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bone dice from the Comarmond collection, BM
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rock crystal icosahedron, 1st-2nd c. or Merovingian, BM 1923,0401.1184. For another view see BM.
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Bactrian dice fr. Zar-tepe (Uzbekistan), bone and stone, late 3rd-4th c., Hermitage
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Viking game materials, left: glass pieces and bone dice fr. Nes, Hamarøy, Nordland; right: amber pieces fr. Gunnarshaug, Karmøy, Rogaland; Bergen. Not available in high resolution.
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Ajax and Achilles playing dice, Exekias, black-figure amphora from Vulci, c.540-30 BCE, Vat 16757. This work has its own page.
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playing dice, ivory knife handle, c.1300, MAHSD. For full object see Saint-Denis museum.
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Man of Sorrows from St. Nicholas church in Brzeg (Brieg), Wrocław 1443, paint on larch wood, MNW Śr. 343. This work has its own page.
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lower right, Crucifixion and Instruments of the Passion, copper alloy hat badge, late 15th c., MoL 82.8/8


Roman and Egyptian cubic dice

cubic die from Ville d’Ancy, broken bone, MAN 36404
cubic die marked on one side only, bone, MAN 14269
cubic die, crystal, Leiden V.510 (K 1951/8.2)
cubic die, crystal, BM 1923/4-1/1187
cubic die, crystal, BM 1923/4-1/1198
cubic die from Deir el Medineh (pharaonic), numbered 1 to 9, wood, Louvre E14450

Roman and Merovingian larger polyhedral dice

12 sided die with Greek letters, basalt, Louvre AF 897
14 sided die with Greek letters, crystal, BM 1963/11-5/1
14 sided die marked IIII on one side, crystal, CdM unnumbered
14 sided die with Roman numerals, pierced green stone, BM 1772/3-11/250
20 sided die with Greek letters, faience, Louvre E13938
20 sided die with Greek letters, steatite, BM 91/6-24/38
20 sided die with Greek letters, steatite, CdM Froehner VIII 156
20 sided die with Greek letters, steatite, CdM Froehner VII 543
20 sided die with Greek letters, faience, CdM Froehner IX 339
20 sided die, steatite, CdM Froehner unnumbered
20 sided die with Latin letters and Roman numerals (Merovingian), crystal, Louvre MNC.882

Roman knucklebones

knucklebone, crystal, BM Walters 4001
knucklebone, sard, BM 1923/4-1/1199 96a